It also includes the remains of structures that were originally built wholly or partly underwater (such as fish traps, crannogs, bridges, piers, jetties and wharves) as well as the remains of human activity that originally took place on dry or marshy land that has subsequently been inundated, either by rising water levels or by marine (or fluvial) erosion. Underwater archaeological sites may consist of the remains of ships (shipwrecks), boats (boat finds), other watercraft or vessels and aircraft as well as cultural material that was accidentally dropped, lost overboard or deliberately deposited into the water body. It may be visible on the bed of the water body (i.e. Such evidence may exist beneath fresh (or inland) waters or beneath salt (or marine) waters. Diving down to her, studying her remains, is an excursion into Canada's past and into our future."Underwater archaeology is the systematic study of past human life, behaviors, activities and cultures using the physical (or material) remains (including sites, structures and artifacts) as well as other evidence found in the underwater (or submerged) environment. Historically, it is a time capsule: some of the cargo and working tools and personal effects of the crew are still on board. For scientists, she is a drowned benchmark, an opportunity to learn more about arctic biology and geology and about the sea ice that floats above its masts. In 1983 this technology was used to thoroughly study the shipwreck.īreadalbane is unique among shipwrecks, being beautifully preserved by arctic waters. To unlock its secrets, new diving and photographic techniques specific to the Arctic were developed, including the Sea-Otter submersible, a lock-out diving system and WASP, a physiologically protective diving suit. Yet Breadalbane lies far below the depths at which marine archaeologists can work. In a small cabinet hanging on the deckhouse were her compass and a signal light nearby was the big wooden wheel that had guided her across the stormy North Atlantic. Breadalbane was incorporated as a municipality in 1991. Located in Queens County, Prince Edward Island, its population as of 2011 is 173. Take a look below for 21 interesting and amazing facts about Breadalbane, Prince Edward Island, Canada. The Breadalbane's bow, masts, rudder and anchor could be seen the green copper sheathing that still protected the hull looked like new. Breadalbane is a municipality that holds community status in Prince Edward Island, Canada. One hundred metres down, colour photographs were taken with still and video cameras. A remotely piloted submersible was lowered into the lethally cold water. In 1981 the expedition went back for a more detailed look, supported by the Canadian Coast Guard, the National Geographic Society and other institutions. On 13 August Breadalbane ghosted onto the screen of the side-scan sonar, her hull intact, 2 of her masts still standing. It was found in 1980 after 3 years of searching the waters south of Beechey Island. Available documents included eyewitness accounts from the archive of the Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge, England. MacInnis' first expedition to find the ship (August 1978) was prompted by the research of arctic marine historians Stuart Hodgson and Maurice Haycock. For 127 years Breadalbane remained hidden below the grinding polar ice pack, hard on its keel, its broken bowsprit pointing eastward, towards home and England. The crew was picked up by the surviving sister ship, the Phoenix. The 21-man crew scrambled over the side to safety. Just after midnight on 21 August 1853, half a mile south of Beechey Island, a slab of ice knifed through the starboard bow. In spite of its sturdy wooden hull and the skill of its crew, Breadalbane was trapped in the polar ice. But the ship was no match for the Arctic. The Breadalbane was about 40 m long and generously built, a square-rigged ship typical of the hundreds that linked the great oceans during the reign of Queen Victoria. Belcher's squadron was the Royal Navy's last and largest search expedition. Franklin disappeared searching for a navigable passage through the Arctic. In spring 1853 Breadalbane was called into service by the Royal Navy and sent to the high Arctic area of Resolute Bay (now in Nunavut) to carry supplies to Sir Edward Belcher's expedition, which since 1852 had been searching for the ships and men of the Franklin Expedition. The Breadalbane, built in Scotland in 1843, was a merchant ship that sailed to Europe's great seaports carrying wine, wool and grain. It is the world's northernmost known shipwreck and the best-preserved wooden ship yet found in the ocean. Breadalbane is a ghost ship, a three-masted barque lying beneath the ice of the Northwest Passage.
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